Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antifertility activity of Streblus asper leaf extract in female albino mice

Kakali Deka; Tapashi Sutradhar; Barsha Sarma; Anjumani Ojah; Sonot Deori; Mridul Kumar Borthakur

doi:10.7324/JAPS.2025.231418

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Abstract

The plant kingdom offers a wealth of biologically active substances with diverse pharmacological effects. India has a long-standing tradition of using medicinal plants for their contraceptive properties, both for females and males. In this study, mice were administered methanolic leaf extract of Streblus asper (MESA) at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses alongside 17β estradiol (1 μg/kg body weight) as a standard drug. Also, phytochemical analysis of the leaves was done by using methanol, ethanol, water, and petroleum ether as a solvent. Phytochemical analysis revealed that methanolic extract possesses the highest phytoconstituent and percentage yield, while petroleum ether extract possesses the lowest. Based on that, methanol extract was used for further investigation in this study. The findings revealed that MESA altered the duration of various phases of the estrous cycle of mice. Furthermore, the extract also exhibited dose-dependent anti-implantation and abortifacient effects. This study represents an initial step in verifying the plant’s purported antifertility properties.

Keyword: Anti-implantation abortifacient estrous cycle Streblus asper

Citation:

Deka K, Sutradhar T, Sarma B, Ojah A, Deori S, Borthakur MK. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antifertility activity of Streblus asper leaf extract in female albino mice. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2025. Article in Press. http://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2025.231418

Copyright: © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Reference

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Deka K [PubMed] [Google Scholar ]

Sutradhar T [PubMed] [Google Scholar ]

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Ojah A [PubMed] [Google Scholar ]

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1. Ghosh K, Bhattacharya TK. Preliminary study on the anti-implantation activity of compounds from the extracts of seeds of Thespesia populinea. Indian J Pharmacol. 2004;36(950):288-91.

2. Lopez M, Ramesh S, Chen M, Edelman A, Otterness C, Trussell J, et al. Progestin-only contraceptives: effects on weight. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(8):CD008815. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008815.pub4

3. Shah GM, Khan MA, Ahmed M, Zafar M, Khan AA. Observations on antifertility and abortifacient herbal drugs. Afr J Biotechnol. 2009;8(9):1959-64.

4. Kaur A, Sharma R, Kumar R, Kharb R. Rising trends towards herbal contraceptives. J Nat Prod Plant Resour. 2011;1(4):5-12.

5. Lewis ME. Should we be concerned about herbal remedies? J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;75(2-3):141-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00394-9

6. Sahana A, Visagaperumal D, Vineeth C. An overview of Streblus asper Lour. Int J Res Publ Rev. 2021;2(8):120-30.

7. Rinkal C, Radhika R, Vasanti S, Richie B. A critical review on phytopharmacology, spectral and computational analysis of phytoconstituents from Streblus asper Lour. Phytomedicine Plus. 2022;2(1):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100177

8. Anchalee P, Atsadang T, Matthew P, Alison TU, Tewin T. Acidbase fractions separated from Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, antiacetylcholine esterase, and neuroprotective activities. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2288-4

9. Kumar M, Prakash S, Kumari N, Pundir A, Punia S, Saurabh V, et al. Beneficial role of antioxidant secondary metabolites from medicinal plants in maintaining oral health. Antioxidants. 2021;10(7):1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071061

10. Kadir MF, Bin Sayeed MS, Setu NI, Mostafa A, Mia MM. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners in Thanchi, Bandarban Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;155(1):495-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.043

11. Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Shawon MJA, Islam T, Rahman MM, Rahman MR. In vivo anti-diarrheal activity of methanolic extract of Streblus asper leaves stimulating the Na+/K+-ATPase in Swiss albino rats. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2020;35(1):72-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-018-0781-7

12. Vemula R, Reddy GVR, Kumar RV, Reddy MK. Antifertility activity of medicinal plant extracts on albino rats. World J Pharm Res. 2016;5:1333-45.

13. Das B, Talukdar AD, Choudhury MD. A few traditional medicinal plants used as antifertility agents by ethnic people of Tripura, India. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;6(3):47-53.

14. Singh P. Pharmacognostic study of root of Streblus asper Lour. Planta Medica. 1963;11(2);191-7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1100234

15. Sivamaruthi BS, Prasanth MI, Kesika P, Tencomnao T, Chaiyasut C. Functional properties of Streblus asper Lour.: a review. Food Sci Technol. 2022;42:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.113421

16. Auwal MS, Saka S, Mairiga IA, Sanda KA, Shuaibu A, Ibrahim A. Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn Mimosa). Vet Res Forum. 2014;5(2):95-100.

17. Parekh J, Chanda S. Antibacterial and phytochemical studies on twelve species of Indian medicinal plants. Afr J Biomed Res. 2007;10:175-81. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajbr.v10i2.50624

18. Wadood A, Ghufran M, Jamal SB, Naeem M, Khan A, Ghaffar R. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants occurring in local area of Mardan. Biochem Anal Biochem. 2013;2:144. doi: https://doi. org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000144 https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000144

19. Adam OAO, Abadi RSM, Ayoub SMH. The effect of extraction method and solvents on yield and antioxidant activity of certain sudanese medicinal plant extracts. J Phytopharmacol. 2019;8(5):248-52. https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2019.8507

20. Ojah A, Borthakur MK, Kalita JC. Antifertility efficacy of methanolic root extract of Persicaria hydropiper on ovarian and uterine histomorphometry of female albino mice. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2022;12(12):95-104. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2022.121210

21. Test no. 425: acute oral toxicity: 2022. Up-and-down procedure, OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals, section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris.

22. McLean AC, Valenziela N, Fai S, Bennett SAL. Performing vaginal lavage, crystal violet staining, and vaginal cytological evaluation for mouse estrous cycle staging identification. J Vis Exp. 2012;67:1-6. https://doi.org/10.3791/4389-v

23. Cora MC, Kooistra L, Travlos G. Vaginal cytology of the laboratory rat and mouse: review and criteria for the staging of the estrous cycle using stained vaginal smears. Toxicol Pathol. 2015;43:776-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623315570339

24. Ganguly M, Devi N, Mahanta R, Borthakur MK. Effect of Mimosa pudica root extract on vaginal estrous and serum hormones for screening of antifetility activity in albino mice. Contraception. 2008;76(6):482-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.008

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