UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis of Javanese Tamarindus indica leaves from various tropical zones and their beneficial properties in relation to antiobesity

Tri Wiyono; Andri Frediansyah; Eti Nurwening Sholikhah; Woro Rukmi Pratiwi

Abstract

Numerous therapeutic strategies for treating and preventing obesity have been proposed. Pharmacotherapy with orlistat, sibutramine, or antagonists of cannabinoid receptors still has some side effects. Tamarindus indica leaves are said to have lipid-lowering properties, suggesting that they could be used as antiobesity agents. The purpose of this study is to analyze the phytochemicals of the tamarind leaf extract grown in a variety of climates and to determine its antilipase and antiamylase activity. The phytochemical profile of T. indica leaf extracts from various tropical zones was investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis (UHPLC-ESI-MS). Followed by metabolite annotation using Compound Discoverer 3.2 software. Antiobesity-related properties were measured including antioxidant capacity, antilipase and antiamylase activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and vitexin level of the extract. The enzyme pancreatin and p-nitrophenylbutyrate were used to assess the antilipase activity. Meanwhile, an antiamylase assay was carried out by measuring starch hydrolysis by pancreatin in the presence of extract. sThe results indicated that the antioxidant activity of the tamarind leaf extract was more proportional to the total phenol content (r = 0.998) than to the total flavonoids (r = −0.379) as determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Tamarind leaves grown in tropical monsoon climates were found to be significantly capable of inhibiting lipase enzymes at 3.8 μg/ml (p = 0.0026). Along with flavonoids, it is believed that sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, and steroids contribute to the high synergistic lipase inhibition activity. According to enzyme kinetics analysis, the pattern of inhibition resembled that of mix-mode inhibition. This information is beneficial for standardizing the tamarind leaf extract for use in the development of herbal medicines. Further research is recommended, particularly to determine the extract’s activity against other enzymes or proteins implicated in obesity, such as lipoprotein lipase, leptins, and phosphatidic acid phosphatase.

Keyword: Köppen–Geiger climate zone Tamarindus indica UHPLCESI-MS antiobesity lipase inhibitory

Citation:

Wiyono T, Frediansyah A, Sholikhah EN, Pratiwi WR. UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis of Javanese Tamarindus indica leaves from various tropical zones and their beneficial properties in relation to antiobesity. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2022. Online First.

Copyright: © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reference

Abd Rahman RNZR. Anti-obesity potential of selected tropical plants via pancreatic lipase inhibition. Adv Obes Weight Manag Control, 2017; 6. https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2017.06.00163

Abdulai IL, Kwofie SK, Gbewonyo WS, Boison D, Puplampu JB, Adinortey MB. Multitargeted effects of vitexin and isovitexin on diabetes mellitus and its complications. Sci World J, 2021; 2021:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641128

Ahmad Khan MS, Ahmad I. Herbal Medicine: Current Trends and Future Prospects. New Look to Phytomedicine Adv. Herb. Prod. as Nov. Drug Leads, Massachusetts, United States: Academic Press; 2019, p. 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814619-4.00001-X

Aprilia CA, Ninditasari G, Walujo D. Hypolipidemic Effect and antioxidant activity of tamarind leaves extract in hypercholesterol-fed rats. Indones J Cardiol, 2017; 38:72-80. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v38i2.730

Brodkorb A, Egger L, Alminger M, Alvito P, Assunção R, Ballance S, Bohn T, Bourlieu-Lacanal C, Boutrou R, Carrière F, Clemente A, Corredig M, Dupont D, Dufour C, Edwards C, Golding M, Karakaya S, Kirkhus B, Le Feunteun S, Lesmes U, Macierzanka A, Mackie AR, Martins C, Marze S, McClements DJ, Ménard O, Minekus M, Portmann R, Santos CN, Souchon I, Singh RP, Vegarud GE, Wickham MSJ, Weitschies W, Recio I. INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion. Nat Protoc, 2019; 14:991-1014. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-018-0119-1

Cang J, Wang C, Huo X-K, Tian X-G, Sun C-P, Deng S, Zhang B-J, Zhang H-L, Liu K-X, Ma X-C. Sesquiterpenes and triterpenoids from the rhizomes of Alisma orientalis and their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. Phytochem Lett, 2017; 19:83-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.12.017

Chandra S, Khan S, Avula B, Lata H, Yang MH, ElSohly MA, Khan IA. Assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant properties, and yield of aeroponically and conventionally grown leafy vegetables and fruit crops: a comparative study. Evid Based Complement Altern Med, 2014; 2014:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/253875

Escalona-Arranz JC, Pérez-Rosés R, Licea Jiménez I, Rodríguez-Amado JR, Argota-Coello H, Cañizares-Lay J, Morris HJ, Sierra G. Chemical constituents of Tamarindus indica L. leaves. Rev Cuba Química, 2010; XXII.

Escalona-Arranz JC, Rodríguez-Amado J, Pérez-Rosés R, Cañizares-Lay J, Sierra G, Morris HJ, Licea Jiménez I. Metabolites extraction optimization in Tamarindus indica L. leaves. Bol Latinoam y Del Caribe Plantas Med y Aromat, 2011; 10(4):369-7.

Fakhrudin N, Wiyono T, Putra AR, Widyarini S, Nurrochmad A. The evaluation on anti-platelet and antithrombosis activities of cinnamomum sintoc bark extract. Thai J Pharm Sci, 2019; 43(4):219-26. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5062741

Handayani L, Suparto H, Suprapto A. Traditional system of medicine in Indonesia. In: Chaudhury RR, Rafei UM (eds.). Traditional Medicines in Asia, WHO, New Delhi, India, p 47, 2001.

Iftekhar ASMM, Rayhan I, Quadir MA, Akhteruzzaman S, Hasnat A. Effect of Tamarindus indica fruits on blood pressure and lipidprofile in human model: an in vivo approach. Pak J Pharm Sci, 2006; 19:125-9.

Joyeux M, Mortier F, Fleurentin J. Screening of antiradical, antilipoperoxidant and hepatoprotective effects of nine plant extracts used in Caribbean folk medicine. Phyther Res, 1995; 9:228-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650090316

Keharom S, Mahachai R, Chanthai S. The optimization study of α-amylase activity based on central composite design-response surface methodology by dinitrosalicylic acid method. Int Food Res J, 2016; 23:10-7.

Kim J, Lee YS, Kim C-S, Kim JS. Betulinic acid has an inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase and induces adipocyte lipolysis. Phyther Res, 2012; 26:1103-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3672

Lahamado OT, Sabang SM, Mustapa K. Ekstrak Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus Indica L.) Sebagai Antidiabetes. J Akad Kim, 2017; 6:1-6. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2017.v6.i1.9221

Li S, Pan J, Hu X, Zhang Y, Gong D, Zhang G. Kaempferol inhibits the activity of pancreatic lipase and its synergistic effect with orlistat. J Funct Foods, 2020a;72:104041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104041

Li Y, Kong D, Fu Y, Sussman MR, Wu H. The effect of developmental and environmental factors on secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2020b;148:80-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.006

Materska M. Quercetin and its derivatives: chemical structure and bioactivity-a review. Polish J Food Nutr Sci, 2008; 58:407-13.

Menezes BB de, Frescura LM, Duarte R, Villetti MA, da Rosa MB. A critical examination of the DPPH method: mistakes and inconsistencies in stoichiometry and IC50 determination by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta, 2021; 1157:338398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338398

Mohapatra S, Prasad A, Haque F, Ray S, De B, Ray SS. In silico investigation of black tea components on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2015; 5:042-7. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.501207

Mundim FM, Pringle EG. Whole-plant metabolic allocation under water stress. Front Plant Sci, 2018; 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00852

NHS. Obesity: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Obes - NHS United Kingdom 2019. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/ (accessed October 10, 2021).

Nofianti T, Nurmayasari S, Priatna M, Ruswanto R, Nurfatwa M. The effect of the ethanolic extract of Asam Jawa leaf (Tamarindus Indica L.) in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL concentration on male sprague dawley rats. J Phys Conf Ser, 2019; 1179:012175. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1179/1/012175

Oni PI, Jimoh S., Adebisi L. Population pattern and phenological behaviours for selected medicinal plants in Nigeria; implications for ex-situ conservation. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2013; 3:052-60.

Palmer T, Bonner PL. Enzyme Inhibition. Enzymes, Sawston, United Kingdom: Woodhead Publishing; 2011, p. 126-52. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857099921.2.126

Rahim ATMA, Takahashi Y, Yamaki K. Mode of pancreatic lipase inhibition activity in vitro by some flavonoids and nonflavonoid polyphenols. Food Res Int, 2015; 75:289-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.017

Razali N, Mat-Junit S, Abdul-Muthalib AF, Subramaniam S, Abdul-Aziz A. Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica L. Food Chem, 2012; 131:441-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.001

Salhi A, Amara S, Mansuelle P, Puppo R, Lebrun R, Gontero B, Aloulou A, Carrière F. Characterization of all the lipolytic activities in pancreatin and comparison with porcine and human pancreatic juices. Biochimie, 2020; 169:106-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.004

Scheen AJ. Cardiovascular risk-benefit profile of sibutramine. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs, 2010; 10:321-34. https://doi.org/10.2165/11584800-000000000-00000

Terra GDP, Vinícius De Farias M, Trevisan MG, Garcia JS. Evaluation of pancreatin stability through enzyme activity determination. Acta Pharm, 2016; 66:423-31. https://doi.org/10.1515/acph-2016-0037

Trendafilova A, Todorova M, Kutova N, Guncheva M. Phytochemical profile and anti-lipase activity of balkan endemic jurinea tzar-ferdinandii. Nat Prod Commun, 2018; 13:1017-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1801300823

Tucci S. The role of lipid and carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors in the management of obesity: a review of current and emerging therapeutic agents. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Targets Ther, 2010; 3:125- 43. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S7005

Wang H-N, Xiang J-Z, Qi Z, Du M. Plant extracts in prevention of obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2022; 62(8):2221-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1852171

Westerink J, Visseren FL. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions to influence adipose tissue function. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2011; 10:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-10-13

WHO. Obesity and overweight. WHO Factsheet, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2021.

Wiyono T, Nurhayati R, Herawati ERN, Laila U. The effect of time, pH and solvent composition on cocoa shell polyphenol extraction and its antioxidant activity: response surface method approach. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci, 2020; 462:012029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/462/1/012029

Yerima M, Anuka JA, Salawu OA, Abdu-Aguye I, Tanko Y. Antihyperglycaemic activity of the flavonoid-rich fraction of the extract of Tamarindus indica L. on experimentally induced hyperglycaemic wistar rats. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2014; 4:64-8. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2014.414.418

Abstract

HTML Full Text

Reference

Article Metrics

Related Search

Citiaion Alert By Google Scholar

Similar Articles