Research Article | Volume: 8, Issue: 8, August, 2018
Research Article | Volume: 8, Issue: 8, August, 2018
In the present study, a new concept of fabrication, characterization, and performance of Pd–Ir–M ternary nanoparticles supported on cellulose-based carbon (CC) was proposed with a notion to enhance the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide. The combination of monometallic Pd/CC, bimetallic Pd–Ir/CC, and tri-metallic Pd–Ir–M/CC (M = Ni, Mo, and Rh) nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical reduction method assisted by ultrasonication. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the catalyst characterization. The catalytic activities of electrocatalysts were measured in half-cell experiments using chronoamperometry (CA), CO stripping voltammetry, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Based on half-cell experiments, electrochemical results showed that tri-metallic Pd– Ir–M nanoparticles display better catalytic activity at room temperature towards hydrogen peroxide oxidation as compared to bimetallic and monometallic catalysts. Based on the experiments carried out on MLSPBFC, Pd–Ir–Ni/ CC displayed a better catalytic activity than all other catalysts synthesized.
Vijayaramalingam K, Karthikeyan A, Selvarani V, Kiruthika S, Muthukumaran B. Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Pd–Ir–Ni, Pd–Ir–Mo and Pd–Ir–Rh Nanoparticles Supported on Cellulosebased Carbon (CC) for Membraneless Sodium Perborate Fuel Cells (MLSPBFCs). J App Pharm Sci, 2018; 8(08): 129-137.
Ahn SH, Choi I, Kwon OJ, Kim JJ. One-step co-electrodeposition of Pt–Ru electrocatalysts on carbon paper for direct methanol fuel cell. Chem Eng, 2012; 181-182:276-280.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.079 | |
Arun A, Gowdhamamoorthi M, Ponmani K, Kiruthika S, Muthukumaran B. Electrochemical characterization of Pt–Ru–Ni/C anode electrocatalyst for methanol electrooxidation in membraneless fuel cells. RSC Adv, 2015; 5(61):49643-49650.https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA04958J | |
Basnayake R, Li Z, Katar S, Zhou W, Rivera H, Smotkin ES, Casadonte DJ, Korzeniewski C. PtRu nanoparticle electrocatalyst with bulk alloy properties prepared through a sonochemical method. Langmuir, 2006; 22(25):10446-10450.https://doi.org/10.1021/la061274o | |
Bennett B, Koraishy BM, Meyers JP. Modeling and optimization of the DMFC system: Relating materials properties to system size and performance. J Power Source, 2012; 218:268-279.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.095 | |
Biegler T, Rand DAJ, Woods R. Limiting oxygen coverage on platinized platinum; Relevance to determination of real platinum area by hydrogen adsorption. J Electroanal. Chem, 1971; 29(2):269-277.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(71)80089-X | |
Bonesi AR, Moreno MS, Triaca WE, Castro Luna AM. Modified catalytic materials for ethanol oxidation. Int. J Hydrogen Energy, 2010; 35(11):5999-6004.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.12.093 | |
Che G, Lakshmi BB, Martin CR, Fisher ER. Metal-Nanocluster- Filled Carbon Nanotubes: Catalytic Properties and Possible Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Production. Langmuir, 1999; 15(3):750-758.https://doi.org/10.1021/la980663i | |
Collins PG, Zettl A, Bando H, Thess A, Smalley RE. Nanotube Nanodevice. Science, 1997; 278(5335):100-102.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5335.100 | |
Correa-Duarte MA, Liz-Marzan LM. Carbon nanotubes as templates for one-dimensional nanoparticle assemblies. J Mater Chem, 2006; 16(1):22-25.https://doi.org/10.1039/B512090J | |
Cui HF, Ye JS, Liu X, Zhang WD, Sheu FS. Pt–Pb alloy nanoparticle/carbon nanotube nanocomposite: a strong electrocatalyst for glucose oxidation. Nanotechnology, 2006; 17(9):2334-2339.https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/9/043 | |
Dillon AC, Jones KM, Bekkedahl TA, Kiang CH, Bethune DS, Heben MJ. Storage of hydrogen in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nature, 1997; 386(6623):377-379.https://doi.org/10.1038/386377a0 | |
Escudero-Cid R, Hernandez-Fernandez P, Perez-Flores JC, Rojas S, Garcia-Rodriguez S, Fatas E, Ocon P. Analysis of performance losses of direct methanol fuel cell with methanol tolerant PtCoRu/C cathode electrode. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2012; 37(8):7119-7130.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.12.158 | |
Gavillon R, Budtova T. Aerocellulose: New highly porous cellulose prepared from cellulose – NaOH aqueous solutions. Biomacromolecules, 2008; 9:269-277.https://doi.org/10.1021/bm700972k | |
Georgakilas V, Gournis D, Tzitzios V, Pasquato L, Guldi DM, Prato M. Decorating carbon nanotubes with metal or semiconductor nanoparticles. J Mater Chem, 2007; 17(26):2679-2694.https://doi.org/10.1039/b700857k | |
Grag A, Sinnott SB. Effect of chemical functionalization on the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett, 1998; 295(4):273-278.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00969-5 | |
Guillen-Villafuerte O, Guil-Lopez R, Nieto E, Garcia G, Rodriguez JL, Pastor E, Fierro JLG. Electrocatalytic performance of different Mo-phases obtained during the preparation of innovative Pt-MoC catalysts for DMFC anode. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2012; 37(8):7171-7179.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.11.117 | |
Hanh HD, Dong NT, Okitsu K, Nishimura R, Maeda Y. Biodiesel production through transesterification of triolein with various alcohols in an ultrasonic field. Renewable Energy, 2009; 34(3):766-768.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.007 | |
Hanh HD, Dong NT, Okitsu K, Starvarache C, Okitsu K, Maeda Y, Nishimura R. Methanolysis of triolein by low frequency ultrasonic irradiation. Energy Convers Manage, 2008; 49(2):276-280.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.06.016 | |
He D, Yang L, Kuang S, Cai Q. Fabrication and catalytic properties of Pt and Ru decorated TiO2CNTs catalyst for methanol electrooxidation. Electrochem Commun, 2007; 9(10):2467-2472.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.07.025 | |
Hoogers G. Fuel Cell Technology Handbook: The fueling problem: Fuel cell systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2002; 5-1:5-40 | |
Huang T, Liu J, Li R, Cai W, Yu A. A novel route for preparation of PtRuMe (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) and their catalytic performance for methanol electrooxidation. Electrochem Commun, 2009; 11(3):643-646.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2009.01.008 | |
Huang J, Liu Z, He C, Gan LM. Synthesis of PtRu Nanoparticles from the Hydrosilylation Reaction and Application as Catalyst for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. J Phys. Chem. B, 2005; 109(35):16644-16649.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp052667j | |
Jeon MK, Lee KR, Daimon H, Nakahara A, Woo SI. Pt45Ru45M10/C (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation. Catal Today, 2008; 132(1-4):123-126.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.011 | |
Jin C, Chen Z. Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose on gold– platinum nanocomposite electrodes and platinum-modified gold electrodes. Synthetic Metals, 2007; 157(13-15):592-596.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.06.010 | |
Kakati N, Lee SH, Maiti J, Yoon YS. Ru decorated Pt nanoparticles by a modified polyol process for enhanced catalytic activity for methanol oxidation. Surf Sci, 2012; 606(21-22):1633-1637.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2012.07.008 | |
Kang S, Lim S, Peck DH, Kim SK, Jung DH, Hong SH, Jung HG, Shul Y. Stability and durability of PtRu catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers for direct methanol fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2012; 37(5):4685-4693.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.04.119 | |
Lamy C, Lima A, LeRhun V, Delime F, Coutanceau C, Leger JM. Recent advances in the development of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC). J Power Sources, 2002; 105(2):283-296.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00954-5 | |
Li QX, Xu Q, Zhou X, Li J. Preparation and Electrochemical Research of Anode Catalyst PtRuNi/C for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. J Biobased Bio, 2013; 7(4):525-528.https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2013.1351 | |
Li B, Higgins DC, Zhu S, Li H, Wang H, Ma J, Chen Z. Highly active Pt–Ru nanowire network catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. Catal Commun, 2012; 18:51-54.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2011.11.018 | |
Liang Y, Zhang H, Tian Z, Zhu X, Wang X, Yi B. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Exploration of Carbon-Supported PtRuNi Nanocomposite as a CO-Tolerant Electrocatalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. J Phys. Chem. B, 2006; 110(15):7828-7834.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0602732 | |
Lin CC, Hsiao MC, Liao PH. Ultrasonic-assisted production of biodiesel from waste frying oil using a two-step catalyzing process. J Sustain Bioenergy Syst, 2012; 2(4):117-121.https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2012.24018 | |
Lin Y, Cui X, Yen C, Wai CM. Platinum/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Synthesized in Supercritical Fluid as Electrocatalysts for Low- Temperature Fuel Cells. J Phys. Chem. B, 2005; 109(30):14410-14415.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0514675 | |
Liu F, Lee JY, Zhou W. Multi-Segment Pt–RuNi Nanorods for Methanol Electro-Oxidation at Room Temperature. J Electrochem Soc, 2006; 153(11):A2133-A2138.https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2349282 | |
Liu H, Song C, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang H, Wilkinson DP. A review of anode catalysis in the direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources, 2006; 155(2):95-110.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.030 | |
Liu Z, Ling XY, Su X, Lee JY. Carbon-Supported Pt and PtRu Nanoparticles as Catalysts for a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. J Phys. Chem. B, 2004; 108(24):8234-8240.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp049422b | |
Nethravathi C, Anumol EA, Rajamathi M, Ravishankar N. Highly dispersed ultrafine Pt and PtRu nanoparticles on graphene: formation mechanism and electrocatalytic activity. Nanoscale, 2011; 3(2):569-571.https://doi.org/10.1039/C0NR00664E | |
Page T, Johnson R, Hormes J, Noding S, Rambabu B. A study of methanol electro-oxidation reactions in carbon membrane electrodes and structural properties of Pt alloy electro-catalysts by EXAFS. J Electroanal. Chem, 2000; 485(1):34-41.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00090-5 | |
Park SH, Jung HM, Um S, Song YW, Kim HS. Rapid synthesis of Pt-based alloy/carbon nanotube catalysts for a direct methanol fuel cell using flash light irradiation. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2012; 37(17):12597-12604.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.06.004 | |
Prabhuram J, Zhao TS, Tang ZK, Chen R, Liang ZX. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Supported PtRu for the Anode of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. J Phys. Chem. B, 2006; 110(11):5245-5252.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0567063 | |
Radmilovic V, Gasteiger HA, Ross Jr. PN. Structure and chemical composition of a supported Pt-Ru electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. J. Catal, 1995; 154(1):98-106.https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1995.1151 | |
Ribadeneira E, Hayos BA. Evaluation of Pt–Ru–Ni and Pt–Sn– Ni catalysts as anodes in direct ethanol fuel cells. J Power Sources, 2008; 180(1):238-242.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.084 | |
Ribeiro LS, Delgado JJ, Orfao JJM, Pereira MFR. Carbon supported Ru-Ni bimetallic catalysts for the enhanced one-pot conversion of cellulose to sorbitol. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017; 217:265-274.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.04.078 | |
Ribeiro J, dos Anjos DM, Leger J-M, Hahn F, Olivi P, de Andrade AR, Tremiliosi-Filho G, Kokoh KB. Effect of W on PtSn/C catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation. J Appld. Electrochem, 2008; 38(5):653-662. Ribeiro J, dos Anjos DM, Kokoh KB, Coutanceau C, Leger J-M, Olivi P, de Andrade AR, Tremiliosi-Filho G. Carbon-supported ternary PtSnIr catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cell. Electrochim Acta, 2007; 52(24):6997-7006.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.017 | |
Rodriguez-Nieto FJ, Morante-catacora TY, Cabrera CR. Sequential and simultaneous electrodeposition of Pt–Ru electrocatalysts on a HOPG substrate and the electro-oxidation of methanol in aqueous sulfuric acid. J Electroanal Chem, 2004; 571(1):15-26.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.04.008 | |
Ryu J, Kim K, Kim HS, Hahn HT, Lashmore D. Intense pulsed light induced platinum-gold alloy formation on carbon nanotubes for non-enzymatic glucose detection. Biosens Bioelectron, 2010; 26(2):602-607.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.021 | |
Shahrokhian S, Rastgar S. Electrodeposition of Pt–Ru nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Application in sensitive voltammetric determination of methyldopa. Electrochim Acta, 2011; 58:125-133.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.023 | |
Spinace EV, Linardi M, Neto AO. Co-catalytic effect of nickel in the electro-oxidation of ethanol on binary Pt–Sn electrocatalysts. Electrochemistry Communications, 2005; 7(4):365-369.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2005.02.006 | |
Tusi MM, Brandalise M, Polanco NSO, Correa OV, Silva AC, Villalba JC, Anaissi FJ, Neto AO, Spinace EV. Ni/Carbon Hybrid Prepared by Hydrothermal Carbonization and Thermal Treatment as Support for PtRu Nanoparticles for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. J Mater Sci Technol, 2013; 29(8):747-751.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2013.05.004 | |
Umeda M, Ueda M, Shironita S. Novel O2-enhancing Methanol Oxidation at Pt-Ru-C Sputtered Electrode: Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Power Generation Performance. Energy Procedia, 2012; 28:102-112.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.08.044 | |
Vigier F, Coutanceau C, Hahn F, Belgsir EM, Lamy C. On the mechanism of ethanol electro-oxidation on Pt and PtSn catalysts: electrochemical and in situ IR reflectance spectroscopy studies. J Electroanal Chem, 2004; 563(1):81-89.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.08.019 | |
Wang ZB, Yin GP, Shi PF, Sun YC. Novel Pt–Ru–Ni/C Catalysts for Methanol Electro-oxidation in Acid Medium. Electrochem. Solid State Lett, 2006; 9(1):A13-A15.https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2133722 | |
Wang ZB, Zuo PJ, Wang GJ, Du CY, Yin GP. Effect of Ni on PtRu/C Catalyst Performance for Ethanol Electrooxidation in Acidic Medium. J Phys Chem C, 2008; 112(16):6582-6587.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp800249q | |
Wang W, Wang R, Wang H, Ji S, Key J, Li X, Lei Z. An advantageous method for methanol oxidation: Design and fabrication of a nanoporous PtRuNi trimetallic electrocatalyst. J Power Sources, 2011; 196(22):9346-9351.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.101 | |
Wei ZD, Li LL, Luo YH, Yan C, Sun CX, Yin GZ, Shen PK. Electrooxidation of Methanol on upd-Ru and upd-Sn Modified Pt Electrodes. J Phys Chem B, 2006; 110(51):26055-26061.https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0651891 | |
Xiong L, Manthiram A. Effect of Atomic Ordering on the Catalytic Activity of Carbon Supported PtM (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) Alloys for Oxygen Reduction in PEMFCs. J Electrochem Soc, 2005; 152(4):A697-A703.https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1862256 | |
Yang DS, Sim KS, Kwen HD, Choi SH. One-step preparation of Pt–M@FP-MWNT catalysts (M = Ru, Ni, Co, Sn, and Au) by γ-ray irradiation and their catalytic efficiency for CO and MeOH. J Ind Eng Chem, 2012; 18(1):538-545.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2011.11.059 | |
Yen CH, Cui X, Pan HB, Wang S, Lin Y, Wai CM. Deposition of Platinum Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes by Supercritical Fluid Method. J Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 2005; 5(11):1852-1857.https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.421 | |
Zhang ZQ, Liu B, Chen YL, Jiang H, Hwang KC, Huang Y. Mechanical properties of functionalized carbon nanotubes. Nanotech, 2008; 19(39):395702.https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/39/395702 | |
Zhao X, Li W, Fu Y, Manthiram A. Influence of ionomer content on the proton conduction and oxygen transport in the carbon-supported catalyst layers in DMFC. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2012; 37(12):9845-9852.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.107 | |
Zheng W, Suominen A, Tuominen A. Discussion on the Challenges of DMFC Catalyst Loading Process for Mass Production. Energy Procedia, 2012; 28:78-87.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.08.042 | |
Zhao Y, E Y, Fan L, Qiu Y, Yang S. A new route for the electrodeposition of platinum-nickel alloy nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Electrochim Acta, 2007; 52(19):5873-5878.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.03.020 | |
Zhou Z, Wang S, Zhou W, Wang G, Jiang L, Li W, Song S, Liu J, Sun G, Xin Q. Novel synthesis of highly active Pt/C cathode electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cell. Chem Commu, 2003; (3):394-395. | |
Year
Month