Biosynthesis Physico-Chemical Optimization of Gold Nanoparticles as Anti-Cancer and Synergetic Antimicrobial Activity Using Pleurotus ostreatus Fungus

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a valuable method and highly safe with low cost. Gold nanoparticles have an enormous medical application, in recent days. This study demonstrates an optimized biosynthesis for stable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Pleurotus ostreatus extracellular filtrate. The biosynthesized gold nanoparticles characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Zeta seizer, X-ray diffraction, TEM, and FTIR. UV-Vis spectra of gold nanoparticles showed maximum absorption peak at 550 nm. From the TEM images, the size of AuNPs was found to be about 10−30 nm. The physicochemical parameters of gold nanoparticles biosynthesis were studied using Plackett-Burman design. All parameters were highly significant (p < 0.001). The rate of AuNPs biosynthesis was found to increase with increasing the salt concentration, incubation time and temperature. On the other hand, lowering both the pH and ratio increase the biosynthesis rate. Furthermore, we compared the anti-proliferation of the biosynthesized and the commercial prepared AuNPs against human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), Prostate cancer cell line (PC3) and Human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). The biosynthesized AuNPs caused a significant decrease in cell viability of both HepG2 and HCT-116 (33.5%, 22.7%) than commercial AuNPs (29.7%, 9.8%). The synergistic effect of biosynthesized AuNPs gave highest fold increase (11) against E. coli, followed by (10) fold against Staphylococcus auras using Azithromycin and Amoxicillin as standard antibiotics respectively.